Source: The Conversation
The Malian army takes part in a parade during the 65th anniversary of Mali’s independence, 22 September 2025.
Habib Kouyate/Xinhua via Getty Images.
Université des Sciences sociales et de Gestion de Bamako.
Research Associate – Dep. African History /Institute for Asian and African Studies, Humboldt University of Berlin.
Enseignant-chercheur en économie du développement, Université des Sciences sociales et de Gestion de Bamako.
The authors do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
The Conversation is funded by the National Research Foundation, eight universities, including the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Rhodes University, Stellenbosch University and the Universities of Cape Town, Johannesburg, Kwa-Zulu Natal, Pretoria, and South Africa. It is hosted by the Universities of the Witwatersrand and Western Cape, the African Population and Health Research Centre and the Nigerian Academy of Science. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is a Strategic Partner.
https://doi.org/10.64628/AAJ.prrcjup7a.
https://theconversation.com/bamako-is-under-pressure-not-under-siege-the-difference-and-why-it-matters-269447.
